basics of life, flower, things that allow you to exist in that harsh environments. there was a concern that national elites would distort -- destroy the tuareg's. the one thing i discovered, they call themselves the people. their recognition is their whole culture is in their language are. after independence, we see a pattern of forcing the tuareg children to learn southern linkages -- languages and pushing out the tuareg language and culture. fast forward after the rebellion, we move into it a period of temporary peace and stability. algeria had stepped in and there was an agreement, i will not go into the details. we can bring this up in the discussions. we will move forward to the years of 2006-2009, 1 there was a third rebellion. all coming back to grievances that the tuareg were never dealt with. during 2006-2009, there was an interesting dynamic. ) the time when narco trafficking was starting to grow. trafficking started to take solid root inside molly wright around -- mali right around 2005. you also have gs pc entering the northern part of molly. -- mali. mo